Resource Library
What are AI GRC Frameworks?
AI GRC frameworks are structured systems that integrate governance, risk management, and compliance specifically for artificial intelligence systems. They ensure AI is safe, ethical, and compliant with regulations, focusing on mitigating risks like bias, privacy breaches, and security vulnerabilities. Key frameworks include the NIST AI RMF, ISO 27042, and voluntary ethical principles.
Key Components of AI GRC Frameworks:
* AI Governance: Defines accountability, policies, and ethical standards for AI development and use.
* AI Risk Management: Identifies, assesses, and mitigates AI-specific risks, including security, privacy, and bias, using tools like the NIST AI RMF.
* AI Compliance: Ensures adherence to evolving legal and regulatory requirements (e.g., AI-specific legislations).
Top AI GRC Frameworks & Standards
* NIST AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0): A leading, voluntary, consensus-driven framework for managing risks in AI products and services.
* ISO/IEC 27042 / ISO 42001: Provides standards for Artificial Intelligence Management Systems (AIMS).
* COSO Framework: Applied to address AI risks within corporate governance.
* Regional/Industry Guidelines: E.g., Australian AI Ethics Principles, EU AI Act preparation.
What is DPDP ACT of India?
The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, is India’s framework for regulating the processing of digital personal data, balancing individual privacy rights with lawful usage. Enacted on August 11, 2023, it mandates explicit consent, defines data fiduciary/principal obligations, and establishes the Data Protection Board of India for compliance and penalty enforcement.
Key Aspects of the DPDP Act, 2023:
- Scope: Applies to digital personal data within India, whether collected online or digitized offline, and data processed outside India if offering goods/services to individuals in India.
- Rights of Data Principals: Right to access, correction, erasure, and grievances.
- Consent and Usage: Consent must be free, specific, informed, and easy to withdraw. "Legitimate uses" (without consent) include state benefits, legal obligations, and emergencies.
- Penalties: Substantial fines up to ₹250 crore for failures in security, breach notifications, or children's data protection.
EU AI Act
The EU AI Act (enacted August 2024, largely applicable by August 2026) and GDPR are complementary, overlapping regulations aimed at creating safe, trustworthy AI. While GDPR governs personal data privacy, the AI Act regulates AI systems based on risk, requiring transparency, human oversight, and data governance.
Key Interaction Points:
- Compliance Overlap: Requirements like data governance, transparency, and risk assessments in the AI Act mirror GDPR principles.
- Roles: The AI Act defines "providers" and "deployers," which often align with GDPR's "controllers" and "processors".
- Risk Mitigation: The AI Act mandates measures to prevent bias and discrimination, sometimes allowing specialized, safe, or consented processing of sensitive data, which must still comply with GDPR.
- Human Oversight: The AI Act strengthens human involvement in high-risk AI, going beyond the GDPR’s Art. 22 right to object to automated decisions.
India AI Governance guidelines
Released in November 2025 by MeitY, India’s AI Governance Guidelines establish a "light-touch" regulatory framework focused on fostering innovation while ensuring safety, accountability, and ethical use. Anchored in seven core principles ("sutras"), the guidelines emphasize human-centric AI, risk management, and the establishment of an AI Governance Group (AIGG) to oversee development.
Key Principles (Seven Sutras)
The framework is built on seven foundational pillars to guide ethical AI development and deployment:
- Trust is the Foundation: Essential for long-term adoption and innovation.
- People First: Human-centric design, oversight, and empowerment.
- Innovation over Restraint: Prioritizing responsible growth over excessive caution.
- Fairness & Equity: Preventing bias and promoting inclusion.
- Accountability: Clear responsibility across the AI value chain.
- Understandable by Design: Ensuring transparency in AI systems.
- Safety, Resilience & Sustainability: Robust, secure, and environmentally responsible AI.
The "CCPA Act" California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) (USA)
The California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (CCPA) gives consumers more control over the personal information that businesses collect about them and the CCPA regulations provide guidance on how to implement the law. This landmark law secures new privacy rights for California consumers, including:
- The right to know about the personal information a business collects about them and how it is used and shared;
- The right to delete personal information collected from them (with some exceptions);
- The right to opt-out of the sale or sharing of their personal information including via the GPC;
- The right to non-discrimination for exercising their CCPA rights.
Businesses that are subject to the CCPA have several responsibilities, including responding to consumer requests to exercise these rights and giving consumers certain notices explaining their privacy practices. The CCPA applies to many businesses, including data brokers.